1. Material: the cornerstone of performance ​
1.1 The dominance of metal materials ​
Metals have become the main material for the collector Round Pole Piece due to their excellent conductivity. Among them, copper is often used in scenarios with strict conductivity requirements due to its high conductivity and good processing performance. When efficient current transmission is required in a limited space, copper pole pieces become an ideal choice. By adding other elements, copper alloys significantly improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the material while retaining the conductivity of copper. For equipment operating in complex environments, such as battery collectors in outdoor electronic devices, copper alloy materials can better resist environmental erosion and ensure stable operation of the equipment. ​
Aluminum and aluminum alloys are also popular. Aluminum has the advantages of low density and low cost. In weight-sensitive fields such as aerospace equipment, aluminum pole pieces help reduce overall weight and improve equipment performance. Aluminum alloys enhance mechanical properties through alloying treatment, and show good adaptability in applications such as automotive power batteries that have high requirements for strength and conductivity.​
1.2 The unique value of special materials​
In special environments, ordinary metal materials are difficult to meet the needs, and special materials come into being. Corrosion-resistant alloys contain specific elements that can form a dense oxide film on the surface to effectively block corrosive media. In places with strong acid and alkali environments such as chemical production, the use of collector circular pole pieces made of corrosion-resistant alloys can ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment and avoid equipment failures caused by pole piece corrosion. ​
The emergence of composite materials has brought new development directions for collector circular pole pieces. Combining the advantages of different materials, such as adding special coatings on the surface of metal pole pieces, can not only reduce contact resistance, but also improve the chemical stability of pole pieces, meeting the diverse needs of high-end equipment for pole piece performance. ​
II. Manufacturing process: the key to giving performance​
2.1 Strict screening and processing of initial materials​
The quality of the initial materials is crucial to the production of collector circular pole pieces. Whether it is metal plates or other materials, they must be strictly screened. For metal raw materials, their purity, composition uniformity and other indicators must be tested to ensure that they meet the production requirements. For materials that require further processing, such as processing metal ingots into plates, during the melting and casting process, parameters such as temperature and casting speed must be accurately controlled to prevent defects such as pores and cracks, laying the foundation for the subsequent production of high-quality pole pieces. ​
2.2 Diversified molding processes​
Stamping is a common method for making pole pieces. By making high-precision molds and using the strong pressure of the punch press, metal plates are punched into round pole pieces. This method has high production efficiency, is suitable for large-scale manufacturing, and can ensure the consistency of pole piece size. However, for plates of different thicknesses and materials, the stamping parameters need to be adjusted to avoid deformation or cracks on the edge of the pole piece. ​
Laser cutting is suitable for pole piece production with extremely high precision requirements. High-energy-density laser beams can instantly melt or vaporize metal materials, and the laser path can be controlled by a computer to accurately cut out a circular contour. The pole piece cut by laser cutting is smooth and accurate, which can reduce subsequent processing steps, but the equipment cost is high and the processing speed is relatively slow. ​
2.3 Important surface treatment processes​
In order to enhance the bonding strength between the pole piece and other materials, surface roughening treatment is indispensable. Taking metal pole pieces as an example, specific electrochemical methods can be used to form tiny concave and convex structures on the surface of the pole pieces, increase the surface area, thereby improving the adhesion with the active material or coating, and ensuring that it is not easy to fall off during long-term use. ​
Surface coating technology can give pole pieces more functions. Applying conductive coatings can reduce the surface resistance of pole pieces and improve current conduction efficiency; applying protective coatings can enhance the corrosion resistance and chemical stability of pole pieces. Different coating processes, such as spraying, electroplating, chemical plating, etc., have their own characteristics and need to be reasonably selected according to the application requirements of pole pieces. ​
III. Uses: Wide application in multiple fields ​
3.1 Core application in the battery field ​
In lithium-ion batteries, the collector circular pole piece is a key component. The positive electrode usually uses an aluminum foil pole piece, and the negative electrode uses a copper foil pole piece. During the battery charging and discharging process, the pole piece is responsible for collecting and conducting electrons, and its performance directly affects the battery's charging and discharging efficiency, cycle life and energy density. In application scenarios such as electric vehicles that have extremely high requirements for battery performance, high-performance collector circular pole pieces are an important factor in ensuring reliable battery operation.​
As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have strict requirements on the collector circular pole piece. The pole piece is required to have low resistance, high conductivity and good electrochemical corrosion resistance. The appropriate pole piece material and manufacturing process can keep the supercapacitor stable during rapid charging and discharging, and play an important role in the fields of electric bus fast charging, smart grid power regulation, etc. ​
3.2 Important applications in the field of semiconductor devices ​
In transistors, the collector is a key electrode structure. Taking bipolar transistors as an example, the collector is responsible for collecting carriers and drawing out current to achieve signal amplification and transmission. In high-frequency, high-power transistor applications, such as radio frequency power amplifiers in communication base stations, the performance of the collector plays a decisive role in the working efficiency and signal processing capabilities of the transistor. ​
In photodetectors, the collector circular pole piece is used to collect photogenerated carriers. When light is irradiated on the photosensitive material to generate electron-hole pairs, the pole piece collects these carriers and converts them into electrical signals for output. In solar cells, the performance of the pole piece directly affects the conversion efficiency of light energy to electrical energy.​
3.3 Wide application in the field of sensors​
In pressure sensors, the collector circular pole piece collects and transmits the electrical signals generated by the sensitive element due to pressure changes. The external pressure changes the electrical properties of the sensitive element, and the pole piece transmits this change to the subsequent signal processing circuit to achieve pressure detection. In gas sensors, the pole piece is also responsible for collecting the changes in electrical signals caused by gas adsorption, thereby realizing the detection of specific gases. ​
IV. Advantages: Indispensable characteristics​
4.1 Excellent conductivity​
The metal and other materials used in the collector circular pole piece have excellent conductivity. This allows the current to be transmitted quickly and stably when the electronic device is running, reducing energy loss. During the operation of the battery, whether it is to efficiently lead out electrons during discharge or quickly introduce electrons during charging, good conductivity can improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery. ​
4.2 Reliable mechanical strength​
The processed collector circular pole piece has high mechanical strength. Even when the equipment is subjected to vibration, impact, etc., the pole piece can maintain structural integrity to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. For batteries used in environments with large vibrations such as automobiles, the high mechanical strength of the pole piece can ensure the reliability and service life of the battery system. ​
4.3 Good shape adaptability​
The circular shape characteristics give the collector circular pole piece a unique advantage in equipment design. It can perfectly adapt to cylindrical batteries, circular packaged semiconductor devices, etc. In cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the circular pole piece fits the shape of the battery, which can improve the internal space utilization of the battery, optimize the battery structure design, and facilitate the assembly process during the production process. ​
4.4 High degree of customizability​
According to different application requirements, the collector circular pole piece can be customized in terms of material, size, surface treatment, etc. For batteries for small wearable devices, ultra-thin materials and special surface treatment can be used to meet the miniaturization requirements of the equipment; for batteries for large energy storage power stations, large-size, high-strength pole pieces can be selected to meet the performance requirements of large-scale energy storage.