1. The core mechanism of Perforated Pole Piece to improve battery performance

In the lithium-ion battery system, the improvement of battery performance by perforated pole pieces is revolutionary. The working principle of lithium-ion batteries is based on the reversible embedding and de-embedding of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes, and the ion transmission efficiency directly determines the charging and discharging speed and cycle stability of the battery. The holes on the surface of the perforated pole piece, which are regularly or irregularly distributed, are like "highways" for lithium ions. During the charging and discharging process of traditional pole pieces, lithium ions need to diffuse with difficulty in the dense material structure, which not only leads to slow charging and discharging speed, but also causes ion concentration gradient differences, exacerbating battery polarization. ​
The emergence of perforated pole pieces breaks this dilemma. Taking the lithium-ion battery equipped in Tesla electric vehicles as an example, after adopting the perforated pole piece technology, the battery charging efficiency has achieved a qualitative leap. It may take 6-8 hours for ordinary lithium-ion batteries to be fully charged, while the battery using perforated pole pieces can shorten the charging time to about 40 minutes in fast charging mode, greatly improving the user's convenience. The key to this improvement is that the perforated pole piece significantly shortens the diffusion path of lithium ions and greatly reduces the transmission resistance. At the same time, the polarization of the battery is effectively suppressed during high-rate charging and discharging. Polarization will increase the voltage drop inside the battery and increase energy loss. The perforated pole piece optimizes ion transmission, so that the battery can still maintain a stable voltage output during high-current charging and discharging, reduce energy loss, and thus extend the cycle life of the battery. ​
According to experimental data from authoritative institutions, the cycle life of perforated pole piece batteries can be increased by 20%-30% compared with lithium-ion batteries using traditional pole pieces. In the field of electric vehicles, this means that the vehicle's cruising range decays more slowly after thousands of charge and discharge cycles. After 3 years of use, the cruising range of an electric vehicle using traditional batteries may drop by 30%, while the cruising range of vehicles equipped with perforated pole piece batteries only drops by about 20%, significantly reducing the frequency and cost of users replacing batteries and promoting the popularization of electric vehicles. ​
2. Optimization and innovation of battery structure by perforated pole pieces ​
The application of perforated pole pieces is not only limited to improving battery performance, but also brings new ideas for optimizing battery structure. Taking laminated batteries as an example, as one of the mainstream structures of high-performance batteries at present, the problem of electrolyte wettability between the pole pieces during the assembly process of laminated batteries has long plagued the industry. The dense structure of traditional pole pieces makes it difficult for the electrolyte to penetrate quickly and evenly between the pole pieces, resulting in inconsistent ion conduction environment inside the battery, affecting the consistency and reliability of the overall performance of the battery. ​
The hole structure of the perforated pole piece provides an effective solution to this problem. Its holes can act as a "fast channel" for the electrolyte, allowing the electrolyte to diffuse rapidly between the pole pieces and achieve uniform infiltration. In the production practice of a well-known battery company, after using perforated pole pieces, the electrolyte infiltration time of the laminated battery was shortened by 40%, and the uniformity of ion conduction inside the battery was significantly improved, which effectively reduced the local overheating and capacity attenuation problems inside the battery, and improved the overall performance consistency of the battery. ​
In terms of battery thermal management, perforated pole pieces also play an indispensable role. The battery generates a lot of heat during the charging and discharging process. If it cannot be dissipated in time, it will cause the battery temperature to rise, accelerate battery aging, and even cause safety hazards such as thermal runaway. The holes in the perforated pole piece provide a circulation channel for air or coolant, enhancing the heat exchange efficiency inside the battery. For example, in the battery modules used in some large energy storage power stations, the perforated pole piece is combined with a liquid cooling system to control the temperature fluctuation range of the battery within 5°C during high-power charging and discharging, effectively ensuring the safety and stability of the battery.